27 CA ADC § 20320
27 CCR s 20320
Cal. Admin. Code tit. 27, s 20320
CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS
TITLE 27. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION 2. SOLID WASTE
SUBDIVISION 1. CONSOLIDATED REGULATIONS FOR TREATMENT, STORAGE, PROCESSING
OR DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
CHAPTER 3. CRITERIA FOR ALL WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS, FACILITIES, AND
DISPOSAL
SITES
SUBCHAPTER 2. SITING AND DESIGN
ARTICLE 4. SWRCB - WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
This database is current through 04/21/06, Register 2006, No. 16.
s 20320. SWRCB -General Criteria for Containment Structures. (C15: s2541)
(a) Material Properties -Materials used in containment structures shall
have appropriate chemical and physical properties to ensure that such
structures do not fail to contain waste because of pressure gradients
(including hydraulic head and external hydrogeologic forces), physical
contact with the waste or leachate, chemical reactions with soil and rock,
climatic conditions, the stress of installation, or because of the stress
of daily operation.
(b) Applicable Permeants -Hydraulic conductivities specified for
containment structures other than cover shall be relative to the fluids,
including waste and leachate, to be contained. Hydraulic conductivities
specified for final cover shall be relative to water.
(c) Determining Hydraulic Conductivity -Hydraulic conductivities shall be
determined primarily by appropriate field test methods in accordance with
accepted civil engineering practice. The results of laboratory tests with
both water and leachate, and field tests with water ( e.g., on the test
pad), shall be compared to evaluate how the field permeabilities will be
affected by leachate. It is acceptable for the discharger to use
appropriate compaction tests in conjunction with laboratory hydraulic
conductivity tests to determine field permeabilities as long as a
reasonable number of field hydraulic conductivity tests are also conducted
( e.g., a sealed double-ring infiltrometer test on the test pad).
(d) Soils Used in Containment Structures -Earthen materials used in
containment structures other than cutoff walls and grout curtains shall
consist of a mixture of clay and other suitable fine-grained soils which
have the following characteristics, and which, in combination, can be
compacted to attain the required hydraulic conductivity when installed.
Liners made of such materials are referred to as "clay liners" in this
subchapter.
(1) At least 30 percent of the material, by weight, shall pass a No. 200
U.S. Standard sieve.
(2) The materials shall be fine-grained soils with a significant clay
content and without organic matter, and which is a clayey sand, clay,
sandy or silty clay, or sandy clay under a soil classification system
having industry-wide use [ e.g., the "SC", "CL", or "CH" soil classes
under ASTM Designation: "2487- 93 Standard Classification of Soils for
Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)].
(e) Synopses -Construction standards for waste management units other than
land treatment are given on Table 4.1 and in Figure 4.1.
Table 4.1. Construction Standards for Units [FN1]
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Waste Mgmt Type of Waste Leachate
Unit Management Collection
and
Classification Unit Clay Liner Synthetic Rem. System
[FN(2)] Liner
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class II Non MSW Required Not Required,
[FN(5)], required
Landfill <=1x10 [FN-6] blanket type
cm/sec
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class II MSW Special Special Special
[FN(13)]
[FN(13)] [FN(13)]
Landfill
[FN(13)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class II Surface Double or Not Required with
required
Impoundment single double liner,
required blanket type
[FN(6)],
<=1x10 [FN-6]
cm/sec
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ClassII Waste Pile Optional Not May be
[FN(4,5)], required
<=1x10 [FN-6] required,
cm/sec blanket type
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III Non MSW Optional, Not Required if
required
Landfill <=1x10 [FN-6] liner is
required,
cm/sec
(see s20260) blanket or
dendritic
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III MSW Special Special Special
[FN(13)]
[FN(13)] [FN(13)]
Landfill
[FN(13)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....
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Subsurface Barriers Capacity of
Precip &
Drain. Control
Facilities
Interim Cutoff Walls Grout Curtains (Design Storm)
Cover
------------------------------------------------------------------
Required < =1x10 [FN-6] <=1x10 [FN-6] cm/sec 1000-year
cm/sec [FN(11)] 24-hour
precipitation
------------------------------------------------------------------
Required <=1x10 [FN-6] <=1x10 [FN-6] cm/sec 1000-year
cm/sec [FN(11)] 24-hour
precipitation
------------------------------------------------------------------
Not requ- <=1x10 [FN-6] <=1x10 [FN-6] cm/sec 1000-year
ired
cm/sec [FN(11)] 24-hour
precipitation
------------------------------------------------------------------
May be <=1x10 [FN-6] <=1x10 [FN-6] cm/sec 1000-year
required cm/sec [FN(11)] 24-hour
precipitation
------------------------------------------------------------------
Required <=1x10 [FN-6] <=1x10 [FN-6] cm/sec, 100-year
cm/sec, if if required 24-hour
required precipitation
------------------------------------------------------------------
Required <=1x10 [FN-6] <=1x10 [FN-6] cm/sec, 100-year
cm/sec, if if required 24-hour
required precipitation
------------------------------------------------------------------
80..+...90....+....0....+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...
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------------
Seismic
Design
------------
Withstand
maximum
credible
earthquake
------------
Withstand
maximum
credible
earthquake
------------
Withstand
maximum
credible
earthquake
------------
Withstand
maximum
credible
earthquake
------------
Withstand
atleast the
maximum
probable
earthquake
(See
s20370)
------------
Withstand
at least
the
maximum
probable
earthquake
(See
s20370)
------------
148....+...6
[FN1] Applicable regulations in this article may provide for exemptions to
certain requirements. s20310(d) describes applicability to existing
facilities.
[FN2] All permeabilities specified in this table are maximum allowable
permeabilities.
[FN3] [Reserved.] Note: This footnote left in Ch-15 (of Division 3, Title
23, CCR), as it applies only to Class I Units .
[FN4] A synthetic liner alone may be allowed based on nature of waste to
be contained and duration of the operation. A waste pile with a synthetic
liner alone may not be closed as a landfill pursuant to s21410 of this
subchapter. The synthetic liner hydraulic conductivity shall be the same
or less than that which would be required for a clay liner.
[FN5] Clay liner required unless Units are underlain by a substantial
thickness of natural geologic materials with hydraulic conductivity of
1x10 - 6 cm/sec [i.e., 1 foot/year] or less.
[FN6] Single liner shall be a clay liner and removed or replaced as
described in s20330. Double liner systems shall have either an outer clay
liner or shall be underlain by a substantial thickness of natural geologic
materials with an hydraulic conductivity of 1x10 -6 cm/sec [i.e., 1
foot/year] or less to act as an outer liner.
[FN7] [Reserved.]
[FN8] [Reserved.]
[FN9] [Reserved.]
[FN10] [Reserved.]
[FN11] Cutoff walls required where there is potential for lateral movement
of fluid, including waste or leachate, and the hydraulic conductivity of
natural geologic materials is used for waste containment.
[FN12] For Units other than MSW landfills, the RWQCB can grant an
exemption to this design storm requirement if the discharger can
demonstrate that the integrity of facilities will not be jeopardized if
this criterion is not met.
[FN13] All Class II or Class III landfills that received MSW at any time
and that received solid waste after October 9, 1991 (MSW landfills) are
subject to the additional state and federal requirements contained (or
incorporated by reference) in SWRCB Resolution No. 93-62.
[FNFootnotes] for Figure 4.1: Summary of Liner Requirements for Classified
Units (for MSW Landfills, see Additional Requirements in SWRCB Resolution
No. 93-92).
[FNa] Requirements from Chapter 3, Subdivision 1 of this division.
[FNb] Designed to convey twice the anticipated volume of leachate; must
ensure no buildup of hydraulic head on liner; blanket type required unless
otherwise specified.
[FNc] Minimum 40 mils thick.
[FNd] Must be compatible with waste and/or leachate.
[FNe] Cutoff walls required where potential exists for lateral movement of
waste or leachate.
[FNf] Acceptability of synthetic liner depends on nature of waste and
duration of operation.
[FNg] Liner and waste to be removed at closure.
[FNh] Substantial thickness of natural geologic material hydraulic
conductivity of 1 x 10-6 cm/sec (i.e., 1.0 foot/year). For MSW landfills,
see SWRCB Resolution No. 93-62 for superseding containment system
requirements.
[FNi] Minimum thickness of 2 feet; maximum hydraulic conductivity of 1 x
10-6 cm/sec (i.e., 1.0 foot/year). For MSW landfills, see SWRCB Resolution
No. 93-62 for superseding containment system requirements.
[FNj] Liner removed or replaced before lower 25% (minimum 1 foot
thickness) of the liner is penetrated by waste or leachate.
[FNk] Soil characteristics, distnace from waste to ground water, and other
factors must ensure no impairment of beneficial uses of ground water.
Leachate collection system required for sludge disposal. For MSW
landfills, see SWRCB Resolution No. 93-62 for superseding containment
system reuqirements.
[FNl] Minimum thickness of 1 foot; maximum hydraulic conductivity of 1 x
106 cm/sec (i.e., 1.0 foot/year). For MSW landfills, see SWRCB Resolution
No. 93-62 for superseding containment system requirements.
[FNm] Dendritic system allowed if wastes in contact with the liner will
remain permeable and liner is sloped toward the system to prevent ponding.
For MSW landfills, see SWRCB Resolution No. 93-62 for superseding system
requirements.
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Note: Authority cited: Section 1058, Water Code. Reference: Sections 13172
and 13360, Water Code; and Section 43103, Public Resources Code.
HISTORY
1. New section, Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1 filed 6-18-97; operative 7-18-97
(Register 97, No. 25).
2. Change without regulatory effect amending Table 4.1 filed 3-17-98
pursuant
to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 98, No.
12).
3. Change without regulatory effect amending Table 4.1 filed 5-19-2000
pursuant
to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2000,
No. 20).
27 CA ADC s 20320
END OF DOCUMENT
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